The window length determines the bandwidth of the spectral analysis, i.e. If this is 0.005 seconds (the standard), Praat uses for each frame the part of the sound that lies between 0.0025 seconds before and 0.0025 seconds after the centre of that frame (for Gaussian windows, Praat actually uses a bit more than that). You can see this if you record a Sound at 44100 Hz and set the view range from 0 Hz to 25000 Hz. If this maximum frequency is higher than the Nyquist frequency of the Sound (which is half its sampling frequency), some values in the spectrogram will be zero, and the higher frequencies will be drawn in white. The standard is 0 Hz at the bottom and 5000 Hz at the top. All these settings have standard values ("factory settings"), which appear when you click Standards. These settings will be remembered across Praat sessions. from the Spectrogram menu, you can determine how the spectrogram is computed and how it is displayed.
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